{"id":5144,"date":"2026-10-23T06:00:02","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T13:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/?p=5144"},"modified":"2026-10-17T17:44:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T00:44:47","slug":"operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/","title":{"rendered":"Operation Bernhard: How Nazi Counterfeiters Fooled the Bank of England"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In the midst of World War II, a quiet battle was unfolding far from the front lines. Inside the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 142 Jewish prisoners were forced by the Nazis to counterfeit British banknotes. Their assignment: produce fake currency so convincing it could destabilize the British economy and fund Nazi operations across Europe.<\/p>\n<p id=\"speakable-summary\">Operation Bernhard was the Nazi plan to flood Britain with expertly forged banknotes, produced by prisoners under duress. The Bank of England uncovered the scheme in 1943 after spotting a single serial number error, leading to sweeping changes in British currency policy.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5142\" src=\"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-main.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of a period printing press and bank ledger with handwritten serial numbers from Operation Bernhard\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-main.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-main-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-main-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-main-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-main-350x350.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Illustration: Nazi-forced counterfeiters produced fake British banknotes at Sachsenhausen in Operation Bernhard. Not a reproduction of the original document.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>The Nazi Plot: Sabotage by Counterfeit<\/h2>\n<p>The idea behind Operation Bernhard was as ruthless as it was ambitious. Led by SS Major Bernhard Kr\u00fcger, the Nazis set out to undermine the British war effort by manufacturing perfect forgeries of \u00a35, \u00a310, \u00a320, and \u00a350 notes. The goal was twofold: destabilize the British economy by flooding it with fake currency, and use the notes to finance espionage and buy war materials.<\/p>\n<p>The operation was housed in Sachsenhausen, a concentration camp north of Berlin. There, skilled prisoners\u2014many of them artists, printers, and bankers\u2014were forced to replicate every detail of British currency. Over the course of the operation, they produced more than \u00a3134 million in fake notes, totaling approximately 8.9 million bills.<\/p>\n<h2>Outsmarting the Experts: How the Fakes Fooled Europe<\/h2>\n<p>What made these forgeries so dangerous was their quality. The prisoners managed to duplicate not only the printed designs, but also the watermarks and paper composition. The notes were so convincing that banks across Europe accepted them as genuine. The Nazis used these forgeries to fund covert operations, pay spies, and purchase goods on the black market.<\/p>\n<p>For a time, the scheme worked. But in 1943, a single detail unraveled the entire plot. The Bank of England discovered a forged note in Morocco with a serial number that had already been marked as paid. This inconsistency\u2014a duplicate serial number\u2014immediately raised red flags. It was the break the bank needed.<\/p>\n<h2>The Bank of England\u2019s Response: Containment and Consequence<\/h2>\n<p>Once the forgeries were exposed, the Bank of England moved quickly. All notes above \u00a35 were withdrawn from circulation, a drastic step that rendered the existing stock of higher-value notes\u2014both real and fake\u2014worthless. The bank also halted the reissue of \u00a310 notes until 1964, fearing that more counterfeits could surface.<\/p>\n<p>As the Nazis retreated in the final days of the war, many counterfeit bills were dumped in Austria\u2019s Lake Toplitz to avoid discovery. The prisoners who had been forced to produce the notes survived and were liberated in 1945. Yet, the story didn\u2019t end there. Some counterfeit notes resurfaced years later, only to be destroyed by the Austrian National Bank to prevent further fraud.<\/p>\n<h2>What Document Examiners Look For in Counterfeiting Cases<\/h2>\n<p>Operation Bernhard is a reminder that even the most sophisticated forgeries can leave a trail. When examining suspected counterfeit documents, forensic document examiners focus on details like serial numbers, watermarks, paper quality, and printing techniques. In this case, the duplicate serial number was the telltale sign. Examiners also compare ink composition, fiber content, and microscopic printing features. These elements can reveal whether a document is genuine or a carefully crafted fake.<\/p>\n<p>While signatures are often the focus in will or contract disputes, in currency cases, the integrity of the paper and the accuracy of security features are what matter most. No matter how skilled the forger, a single overlooked detail can expose the truth.<\/p>\n<h2>If You Face a Questioned Document<\/h2>\n<p>If you ever find yourself dealing with a questionable will, signature, or document, the first step is to preserve the original. Avoid writing on it, stapling, or handling it excessively. Seek a qualified document examiner early in the process\u2014details matter, and an expert can spot inconsistencies that others might miss.<\/p>\n<p><!-- qde-faq-start --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"faq\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<h3>What happened in the Operation Bernhard case?<\/h3>\n<p>During World War II, Nazis forced 142 Jewish prisoners at Sachsenhausen concentration camp to produce counterfeit British banknotes, aiming to destabilize the British economy and fund Nazi operations.<\/p>\n<h3>When did Operation Bernhard happen?<\/h3>\n<p>Operation Bernhard took place from 1942 to 1945. The Bank of England detected the forgeries in 1943, and the prisoners were liberated in 1945.<\/p>\n<h3>What was the outcome of Operation Bernhard?<\/h3>\n<p>The Bank of England withdrew all notes above \u00a35, many counterfeit notes were dumped in Lake Toplitz, and the prisoners survived and were liberated in 1945. The Bank did not reissue \u00a310 notes until 1964.<\/p>\n<h3>Was the handwriting or document ever questioned, and what role did document examination play in Operation Bernhard?<\/h3>\n<p>The authenticity of the banknotes was questioned. The Bank of England detected the forgeries by spotting a duplicate serial number, and examination of serial numbers, watermarks, and paper exposed the scheme.<\/p>\n<h3>How did the Bank of England catch the Operation Bernhard forgeries?<\/h3>\n<p>They discovered a forged note in Morocco with a serial number that had already been marked as paid, exposing the counterfeiting operation.<\/p>\n<h3>What details do document examiners check in suspected counterfeit currency cases like Operation Bernhard?<\/h3>\n<p>Examiners compare serial numbers, watermarks, paper quality, ink, and printing features to determine authenticity and spot forgeries.<\/p>\n<h3>What should someone do if they suspect a document or note is counterfeit?<\/h3>\n<p>Preserve the original document, avoid handling it unnecessarily, and consult a qualified forensic document examiner as soon as possible.<\/p>\n<p><!-- qde-faq-end --><\/p>\n<p><!-- qde-cta-start --><\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re dealing with a questioned will, signature, or document, Handwriting Experts Inc. can help. Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/handwritingexpertusa.com\/\">HandwritingExpertUSA.com<\/a> or call <a href=\"tel:+18009809030\">1-800-980-9030<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- qde-cta-end --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Draft doc: 1W0uxk9JXtHqUSOPIXsvwvYCHEs8uevKGFeKvDXO6l58 --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Operation Bernhard was the Nazi plot to destabilize Britain with expertly forged banknotes. The Bank of England caught the fakes by spotting a single serial number.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":853,"featured_media":5143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_inpost_head_script":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[143,34],"tags":[399,31,220,402,401,400],"class_list":["post-5144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-forensic-document-examination","tag-bank-of-england","tag-bart-baggett","tag-forensic-document-examiner","tag-forged-banknotes","tag-nazi-counterfeiting","tag-operation-bernhard"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":7}},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Operation Bernhard Nazi Counterfeiting | Bart Baggett<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"During WWII, Nazis forced prisoners to counterfeit British banknotes in Operation Bernhard. The Bank of England caught the forgeries\u2014here\u2019s how.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Operation Bernhard Nazi Counterfeiting | Bart Baggett\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"During WWII, Nazis forced prisoners to counterfeit British banknotes in Operation Bernhard. The Bank of England caught the forgeries\u2014here\u2019s how.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bart Baggett- Ask a Forensic Handwriting Expert\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bartbaggett\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-10-23T13:00:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Bart Baggett\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Bart Baggett\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Bart Baggett\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/26104ff94f2b1837f4e40dba23ee2403\"},\"headline\":\"Operation Bernhard: How Nazi Counterfeiters Fooled the Bank of England\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-23T13:00:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":926,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bank of England\",\"Bart Baggett\",\"forensic document examiner\",\"forged banknotes\",\"Nazi counterfeiting\",\"Operation Bernhard\"],\"articleSection\":[\"articles\",\"Forensic Document Examination\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/\",\"name\":\"Operation Bernhard Nazi Counterfeiting | Bart Baggett\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-23T13:00:02+00:00\",\"description\":\"During WWII, Nazis forced prisoners to counterfeit British banknotes in Operation Bernhard. The Bank of England caught the forgeries\u2014here\u2019s how.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":1024,\"caption\":\"Illustration: Nazi-forced counterfeiters produced fake British banknotes at Sachsenhausen in Operation Bernhard. Not a reproduction of the original document.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Operation Bernhard: How Nazi Counterfeiters Fooled the Bank of England\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"Bart Baggett\",\"description\":\"Articles by Bart Baggett.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Handwriting Expert\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/SmallwpLOGOBartBaggett2019transparant.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/03\\\/SmallwpLOGOBartBaggett2019transparant.png\",\"width\":360,\"height\":88,\"caption\":\"Handwriting Expert\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/bartbaggett\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/bartbaggett\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@thehandwritingexpert\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/26104ff94f2b1837f4e40dba23ee2403\",\"name\":\"Bart Baggett\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/701df90cb14a2c56e66ea3321d23dd9adac81d2400125ffadbfbe13e2d6c284c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/701df90cb14a2c56e66ea3321d23dd9adac81d2400125ffadbfbe13e2d6c284c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/701df90cb14a2c56e66ea3321d23dd9adac81d2400125ffadbfbe13e2d6c284c?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Bart Baggett\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bartbaggett.com\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/bartbaggett\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Operation Bernhard Nazi Counterfeiting | Bart Baggett","description":"During WWII, Nazis forced prisoners to counterfeit British banknotes in Operation Bernhard. The Bank of England caught the forgeries\u2014here\u2019s how.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Operation Bernhard Nazi Counterfeiting | Bart Baggett","og_description":"During WWII, Nazis forced prisoners to counterfeit British banknotes in Operation Bernhard. The Bank of England caught the forgeries\u2014here\u2019s how.","og_url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/","og_site_name":"Bart Baggett- Ask a Forensic Handwriting Expert","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bartbaggett","article_published_time":"2026-10-23T13:00:02+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1536,"height":1024,"url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Bart Baggett","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Bart Baggett","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/"},"author":{"name":"Bart Baggett","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/26104ff94f2b1837f4e40dba23ee2403"},"headline":"Operation Bernhard: How Nazi Counterfeiters Fooled the Bank of England","datePublished":"2026-10-23T13:00:02+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/"},"wordCount":926,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg","keywords":["Bank of England","Bart Baggett","forensic document examiner","forged banknotes","Nazi counterfeiting","Operation Bernhard"],"articleSection":["articles","Forensic Document Examination"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/","url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/","name":"Operation Bernhard Nazi Counterfeiting | Bart Baggett","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg","datePublished":"2026-10-23T13:00:02+00:00","description":"During WWII, Nazis forced prisoners to counterfeit British banknotes in Operation Bernhard. The Bank of England caught the forgeries\u2014here\u2019s how.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting-featured.jpg","width":1536,"height":1024,"caption":"Illustration: Nazi-forced counterfeiters produced fake British banknotes at Sachsenhausen in Operation Bernhard. Not a reproduction of the original document."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/operation-bernhard-nazi-counterfeiting\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Operation Bernhard: How Nazi Counterfeiters Fooled the Bank of England"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/","name":"Bart Baggett","description":"Articles by Bart Baggett.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#organization","name":"Handwriting Expert","url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SmallwpLOGOBartBaggett2019transparant.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SmallwpLOGOBartBaggett2019transparant.png","width":360,"height":88,"caption":"Handwriting Expert"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/bartbaggett","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/bartbaggett\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@thehandwritingexpert"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/26104ff94f2b1837f4e40dba23ee2403","name":"Bart Baggett","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/701df90cb14a2c56e66ea3321d23dd9adac81d2400125ffadbfbe13e2d6c284c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/701df90cb14a2c56e66ea3321d23dd9adac81d2400125ffadbfbe13e2d6c284c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/701df90cb14a2c56e66ea3321d23dd9adac81d2400125ffadbfbe13e2d6c284c?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bart Baggett"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/bartbaggett.com"],"url":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/author\/bartbaggett\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/853"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5144"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5144\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5213,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5144\/revisions\/5213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bartbaggett.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}