Tag Tobia Nicotra

articles, Forensic Document Examination

Galileo’s Manuscript Forgery: How a Watermark Exposed the Truth

Illustration of Galileo's manuscript under a magnifying glass highlighting the BMO watermark

The University of Michigan’s Galileo manuscript, long thought genuine, was exposed as a forgery in 2022—thanks to a paper watermark no expert had noticed before.

Bart Baggett
October 30, 2026